How attackers exploit AD CS ESC1. A misconfigured certificate template that lets any domain user forge authentication certificates for privileged accounts and escalate to Domain Admin without cracking a single password.

A practical walkthrough of AD CS ESC4 (certificate template hijacking) - how overpermissive template ACLs allow low-privileged users forge authentication certificates and escalate to Domain Admin without cracking a single password, including safe testing methodology, detection events, and remediation guidence.